1. |
A: What did you see yesterday? B: Yesterday I saw Akira. |
2. |
A: When did you see the movie? B: I saw the movie yesterday. |
3. |
A: I saw a movie a week ago, and I saw another one yesterday. B: What did you see yesterday? |
4. |
A: I saw a movie and went shopping yesterday. B: What did you see? |
He really likes curry and rice. | ||
Cleft sentence: | It is curry and rice that he really likes. | (Curry and rice is a focus) |
Pseudo-cleft sentence: | What he really likes is curry and rice. | (Curry and rice is a focus) |
Left dislocation: | Curry and rice, he really likes it. | (Curry and rice is a topic) |
Topicalization: | Curry and rice he really likes. | (Curry and rice is a topic) |
Nominative marker | Accusative marker | Dative marker | Locative marker | Ablative marker | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-topic | ![]() "ga" | ![]() "o" | ![]() "ni" | ![]() "de" | ![]() ![]() "kara" |
Topic | ![]() "wa" | ![]() "wa" | ![]() ![]() "niwa" | ![]() ![]() "dewa" | ![]() ![]() ![]() "karawa" |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
Romanization: | Sa | ku | ra | ga | sa | i | ta | . | |
Structure: | noun (cherry blossoms) | nomi- native marker | verb (bloomed) |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
Romanization: | Sa | ku | ra | wa | sa | i | ta | . | |
Structure: | noun (cherry blossoms) | topic marker | verb (bloomed) |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||
Romanization: | Ga | ka | ga | e | o | ka | i | ta | . | ||
Structure: | noun (artist) | nomi- native marker | noun (picture) | accu- sative marker | verb (drew) |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||
Romanization: | Ga | ka | wa | e | o | ka | i | ta | . | ||
Structure: | noun (artist) | topic marker | noun (picture) | accu- sative marker | verb (drew) |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||
Romanization: | E | wa | ga | ka | ga | ka | i | ta | . | ||
Structure: | noun (picture) | topic marker | noun (artist) | nomi- native marker | verb (drew) |
Kana: | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
Romanization: | E | o | ka | i | ta | . | |
Structure: | noun (picture) | accu- sative marker | verb (drew) |